| Columba was Ireland's great missionary
to Scotland and northern England (and is not to be confused with his
younger cousin, Columbanus — 543-615 — who was
Ireland's great missionary to western Europe). Columba's famous mission
centre was the monastery he established on the island of Iona off
the west coast of Scotland.
Born c. 521 in Gartan (Co. Donegal), Columba was of royal descent:
the son of Fedhlimidh and Eithne of the Ui Neill clan. His baptismal
name was Colum, which means "dove", hence the
latinized form Columba. In Irish he is known as Columcille,
i.e. "Dove of the Churches". At age 19 he took a strong
interest in the church, joined the monastery at Moville (Co. Down),
and was ordained a deacon by St Finnian of Moville. He later went
on to study under another St Finnian at Clonard (on the River Boyne).
At the age of 25 he founded the church at Derry. From there he set
out on a pilgrimage to Rome and Jerusalem, but travelled no further
than the tomb of St Martin at Tours, whence he brought back a prized
Gospel manuscript, depositing it in Derry. He was also later instrumental
in founding monasteries at Durrow and Kells.
An enduring tradition gives the reason why Columba later left Ireland
for Scotland: while studying with St Finnian he made an unauthorized
copy of the latter's Psalter. When Finnian became aware of it, he
demanded the copy. Columba refused, whereupon Finnian took the matter
to High King Diarmit for judgement. Diarmit famously judged in favour
of Finnian: "To every cow its calf. To every book its copy."
Columba, however, still refused to hand over the copy and summoned
his clan to fight King Diarmit, defeating him at the battle of Cooldrevny
(561). A synod held in Meath now excommunicated Columba. (His friend
St Brendan of Birr eventually got the sentence withdrawn.) But Columba
was conscience-stricken and sought advice from his confessor, St
Molaise. The latter ordered him, by way of penance, to bring the
same number of souls to Christ as he had caused to die at Cooldrevny.
Two years later, in a spirit of deep penitence, Columba left Ireland
by boat with 12 disciples, eventually settling on the island of
Iona where he founded his new monastery, never to return to Ireland
again. After founding several more monasteries and leading a long-lasting
mission to the Picts of western Scotland, he died on 9 June, 597.
His successor as Abbot of Iona was Adomnan, who also wrote the first
biography of him.
Iona continues to be a source of inspiration for
the religious life worldwide: here is a link to the
modern Iona Community. |